Garlic Growing 101: Your Go-To Resource for Growing, Planting, and Harvesting Garlic Successfully

Our longest awaited crop is harvested in July - garlic, planted what feels like another lifetime ago in October of last year is finally ready to be pulled from the ground, cured and enjoyed. One way I can always tell if I will be good friends with someone is based on how much garlic they add to their recipes. If you’re not doubling the amount of garlic a recipe calls for, I’m not sure we can be friends.

Of course this is only a joke. But my obsession with garlic runs deep, as evidenced by this love letter to garlic scape pesto (click for the recipe).

Garlic imparts a flavor into your dishes that has to be experienced to be understood. Strong and sometimes spicy, no pasta dish is complete without it. I’ve even been known to be one of those weirdos who will eat garlic cloves raw for the health benefits. Nothing will clear your sinuses better than chomping on a raw garlic clove (chase it down with a chunk of fresh bread soaked in olive oil and you’re really talking).

Garlic has been used for its medicinal properties for thousands of years and is believed to have numerous health benefits. Garlic contains compounds that can stimulate the immune system, helping your body fight off infections and diseases, and it has been shown to have a blood pressure-lowering effect, which can reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. Garlic is anti-inflammatory, and may help lower cholesterol levels, plus it is rich in antioxidants, which can protect your cells from damage caused by free radicals. Additionally, garlic may help improve bone health by increasing estrogen levels in women, which can help prevent osteoporosis and improve digestion by stimulating the production of digestive enzymes and promoting the growth of healthy gut bacteria.

Garlic has been cultivated and used for both culinary and medicinal purposes for over 5,000 years. The origins of garlic can be traced back to Central Asia, from where it spread to Egypt, India, China, and the Mediterranean region. The ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans all used garlic for its medicinal properties, and it was also used as a flavoring for food.

In ancient Greece, athletes would eat garlic before participating in the Olympic Games, believing that it would enhance their performance. The ancient Greeks also believed that garlic had aphrodisiac properties.

Garlic was also used during the Middle Ages to treat a variety of ailments, including the bubonic plague. It was believed that garlic could protect against the plague, and many people would carry cloves of garlic around with them as a protective amulet.

In modern times, garlic has become a staple ingredient in many cuisines around the world, and its health benefits have been the subject of numerous studies. Today, China is the world's largest producer of garlic, followed by India and Bangladesh.

How to Plant Garlic

Choosing the right garlic variety

There are two types of garlic you can plant; hard-neck or soft-neck.

Softneck garlic varieties are a type of garlic that do not produce a hard stem or "neck" in the center of the bulb. This type of garlic is typically easier to braid, has a longer shelf life, and is often preferred by commercial growers. Some popular varieties of softneck garlic include Silverskin, Artichoke, California Early, Creole, and Inchelium Red.

Soft-neck garlic does not produce scapes, so if you’re interested in trying this delicacy you’ll need to plant hard-neck varieties only. Garlic scapes aren’t something you can find in the grocery store, and while you may be able to find a single stall at your local farmers market that has them, their inventory will be short-lived. The season for scapes is small, a window of just a couple of weeks that adds to their novelty. Just another excellent excuse to grow them yourself as a side-effect of your garlic harvest.

Hardneck varieties of garlic are divided into eight groups: Porcelain, Rocambole, Purple Stripe, Glazed Purple Stripe, Marble Purple Stripe, Asiatic, Turban, and Creole. Porcelain is considered the hardiest type of hardneck garlic and is highly recommended for novice gardeners in cold climates, producing big, beautiful bulbs with satiny white wrappers with a strong flavor.

When is the best time to plant garlic?

Garlic needs a period of dormancy in the ground to develop strong root structures before the heat of spring and summer sends green shoots above-ground. For this reason it is best to plant garlic just after your first frost, while the ground can still be worked. Planted too early in the fall, you risk the garlic prematurely sprouting, sending valuable energy away from the bulb. If your garlic sprouts anyway, don’t fret - your final bulbs may be smaller, but they will still be delicious.

Can you grow garlic from the store?

You should not try to grow garlic that you purchased at the grocery store, for a few reasons. The first is that commercially grown garlic is often treated with chemicals including pesticides and growth inhibitors that may not allow your garlic to sprout and grow properly. The second reason is that seed garlic is selected specifically for desirable traits (size and disease resistance for example) that will lead to better harvests. The third reason is that you won’t be able to confirm whether the variety you are growing is hard-neck or soft-neck.

Preparing garlic seed for planting

Garlic seed purchased specifically for growing will arrive looking much the same as your average grocery store garlic. You’ll need to carefully break apart the bulbs into individual cloves for planting, without removing the protective skin around each clove. Without this papery coating, your cloves may be more susceptible to rot once planted. I find it next to impossible to completely separate cloves without losing some of the paper shell. I have planted both with little issue, so don’t despair if you can’t get each one perfect.

When to harvest garlic

Garlic is harvested the summer after it is planted. If you’re looking for signs that garlic is ready for harvesting, look for the lower 2 or 3 leaves to turn brown. This is a sign that the bulb has reached maturity. If possible, wait until the soil has had a chance to dry out for a few days with no rain. This will make it easier to harvest.

Steps to harvest garlic

Once your garlic is showing signs that it is ready to harvest, pull them from the ground. They should come away fairly easily. Brush off as much dirt as possible.

How to cure garlic after harvesting

Lay the garlic out in a dry, well-ventilated area, such as a garage or a covered porch. Avoid direct sunlight and humid conditions. Allow the garlic to dry for two to three weeks, or until the skins are papery and the cloves rattle inside the bulb. Once the garlic is fully dry, cut off the roots and the stem close to the bulb. Leave the papery skin intact.

Storing Garlic

Now you’re probably wondering how to store garlic for long-term use. Store the cured garlic in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, such as a pantry or a cellar. Do not store garlic in plastic bags or containers, as this can cause it to rot. Instead, store garlic in mesh bags, baskets, or cardboard boxes. These are the best storage conditions for garlic.

Tricks for Peeling Garlic

Ask a garlic fan their favorite way to peel garlic easily, and you’ll get a different answer from each one. Personally, my preferred kitchen hack for peeling garlic quickly is the microwave. 3-5 seconds will be more than enough to loosen the papery skin and it should fall right off. Be careful - garlic can get very hot in the microwave even in this short amount of time.

If you’re not a microwave household and want to try a more traditional method for peeling garlic that doesn’t require any tools, try one of these methods:

Smashing method

Place a clove of garlic on a cutting board and place the flat side of a chef's knife on top of it. Use the heel of your hand to press down on the knife, crushing the garlic. This will loosen the skin, making it easier to remove.

Rolling method

Place a clove of garlic on a cutting board and place the flat side of a chef's knife on top of it. Use the palm of your hand to roll the knife back and forth over the garlic, applying gentle pressure. This will help loosen the skin.

Shaking method

Place a few cloves of garlic in a small jar with a tight-fitting lid. Hold the jar tightly and shake it vigorously for about 30 seconds. This will loosen the skin on the garlic, making it easier to remove.

Tips for storing peeled garlic

You can freeze peeled garlic as whole cloves or pre-minced and frozen into ice cube trays for easy convenient garlic whenever you need it.

Nurturing Nature's Best: Why Healthy Garden Soil is Essential for a Productive Vegetable Garden

Rich garden soil is a thing of beauty. Dark and loamy, with a rich, earthy smell. It is the perfect medium for growing plants, and it is a pleasure to work with. I love to dig my hands into the soil in my garden. I can feel the potential for life humming beneath my fingertips, soft and crumbling and alive. The smell brings me back to this moment; feeling the warmth of the sun on my skin as I work in the garden.

Soil is more than just a place to grow plants. With my hands in the earth, I can relax and connect with nature. In this place it is easy to notice the beauty of the world around us. When I work in the garden, I feel a sense of peace and tranquility. I am surrounded by the beauty of nature, and I am reminded of the importance of taking care of our planet.

Garden Soil: The Foundation of Your Garden

Garden soil is the foundation of your garden. It provides the nutrients and minerals that your plants need to grow and thrive. It also helps to regulate the water and air in your garden. Without healthy soil, your plants can’t reach their full potential.

But what is garden soil? And how do you choose the right soil for your garden?

What is Garden Soil?

Garden soil is a mixture of topsoil, compost, and organic matter. Topsoil is the layer of soil that is on the surface of the ground. It is usually the most fertile layer of soil. Compost is made from organic materials, such as food scraps, yard waste, and manure. Organic matter helps to improve the structure and fertility of soil.

Microbes in the soil play an important role in plant health. They help to break down organic matter, release nutrients, and protect plants from pests and diseases. Microbes help to break down organic matter, which releases nutrients that plants can use. This can help to improve plant growth and productivity. They can also help to protect plants from pests and diseases by producing antibiotics or other compounds that kill or inhibit harmful organisms, increase soil fertility by breaking down organic matter and releasing nutrients, reduce soil erosion by binding the soil particles together and improve water quality by filtering out pollutants and removing harmful chemicals from the water. Recent studies have even found that inhaling some of these microbes while moving soil in your garden may have antidepressant effects.

How to Choose the Right Soil for Your Garden

The first step in choosing the right soil for your garden is to determine the type of soil that you have. You can do this by taking a soil sample and having it tested at a local nursery or garden center. But this isn’t strictly necessary. You can also run a more rudimentary test of your own to test the soil using a mason jar. Fill the mason jar 1/3 full of well-sifted soil and add water to almost the top of the jar with some dish soap. Shake the mixture up. As the soil/water mixture settles over 48-72 hours the sand, silt, and clay will separate forming horizons. Mark the jar at the top of the sand layer, the top of the silt layer, and the top of the clay layer. Measure the height of each layer and the total height of all three layers. This will tell you if your soil is primarily clay, silt or sand.

Once you know the type of soil that you have, you can choose the right soil for your garden. If you have sandy soil, you will need to add compost or organic matter to improve the drainage. If you have clay soil, you will need to add sand or gravel to improve the drainage.

You will also need to consider the pH of your soil. The pH scale measures how acidic or alkaline your soil is. A pH of 7 is considered neutral. A pH of less than 7 is acidic. A pH of greater than 7 is alkaline. Most plants prefer a pH of 6.5 to 7.5. If your soil is too acidic or too alkaline, you will need to add lime or sulfur to adjust the pH.

How to Prepare Garden Soil

Once you have chosen the right soil for your garden, you will need to prepare it. This involves removing any weeds or debris, and then adding compost or organic matter. You can also add a slow-release fertilizer to your soil. This will give your plants a boost of nutrients that will last throughout the growing season.

How to Care for Garden Soil

The best way to care for garden soil is to keep it healthy. This means adding compost or organic matter regularly, and watering your plants regularly so your soil doesn’t become hydrophobic. You should also test your soil pH regularly and adjust it as needed.

What is hydrophobic soil?

Hydrophobic soil occurs when a waxy residue builds up on the soil particles resulting in it repelling water rather than absorbing it. This can happen if you do not water consistently, or you don’t use mulching to protect the surface layer of your soil from drying out. You can tell that soil has become hydrophobic because the water will bead up and not soak into the earth normally. You can also confirm your soil is hydrophobic by digging down an inch or two beneath the soil after watering. The surface may look damp, but underneath the soil will be completely dry.

How to fix hydrophobic soil

The easiest way to correct hydrophobic soil is to amend it with nutrient rich compost. However, you most likely won’t be fixing the soil that is hydrophobic - you’re really just slowly replacing the soil that has gone “bad” by mixing in fresh new soil that can encourage better absorption.

What soil is best for raised beds?

The best soil for traditional raised beds that sit on the ground is a mix of topsoil, compost, and sand. Topsoil provides nutrients and drainage. Compost improves the soil quality. And sand helps to aerate the soil. You can buy a pre-made mix of soil for raised beds or you can make your own. I always recommend Coast of Maine soil mixes for filling raised beds. Their Castine Blend™ Organic & Natural Raised Bed Mix is the ideal soil for raised bed organic gardening. It is carefully formulated to provide balance between structure, water retention, drainage and aeration for growing strong, vigorous vegetables, herbs and flowers in raised beds, planter boxes or other container gardens. It provides your garden the rich and diverse soil it needs.

Coast of Maine prides themselves on using a high quality enriched blend of fully cured compost, sphagnum peat moss, dehydrated poultry manure, lobster and crab shell meal, greensand, biochar, worm castings and mycorrhizae in their mixes. Close attention to detail with frequent turning, sampling and testing plus a lengthy aging and curing process produces dark, rich compost that builds soil and enhances plant growth.

If you are gardening in elevated raised beds like mine that are on legs, these are technically considered container gardens. It is important to use a lightweight potting mix (which has no actual soil in it) since your container gardens have different drainage and weight requirements.

Coast of Maine generously donated an entire pallet of their premium Bar Harbor Blend Organic Potting Soil to fill my raised beds with this summer, giving my plants the foundation they need to thrive. This all-purpose potting soil is made with sphagnum peat moss, compost, perlite, lobster and crab shell meal and kelp meal. It is designed for potting indoor and outdoor container plants. They also sent their Stonington Blend Plant Food which I will use to top-dress my beds. Lobster, as well as other shellfish species like crab (often taken with lobster as a by-catch), has been harvested off the coast of Maine for centuries. When the shells and bodies are dehydrated and ground into a meal for use as a fertilizer, it provides an all-natural source of organic nitrogen and calcium for plants, especially during their vegetative growth phase. Natural nitrogen and calcium help promote strong stem growth, green foliage, and vigorous roots.

No matter what, it is important to use a soil that is well-draining and that contains nutrients.

To make your own mix, combine equal parts topsoil, compost, and sand. If you’re purchasing soil, try to find a nursery or landscaping company that will deliver in bulk - the cost will be significantly less and you’ll avoid the many plastic bags needed for bagged soil going to the landfill.

How do you fill a raised bed cheaply?

You can put small sticks, leaves or even logs (for deeper beds) in the base of your raised bed to take up some of the room before adding your soil. Just keep in mind that the soil level will lower significantly as those materials begin to break down.

Is topsoil ok for raised beds?

You should use topsoil in moderation in raised beds. It is important to mix topsoil with compost and sand to improve the drainage and aeration of the soil.

What should you not put in a raised bed to fill it?

There are a few things that you should not put in a raised bed to fill it. These include:

• Clay soil

• Rocks

• Garbage

• Weeds that have gone to seed

What is the difference between garden soil and raised bed soil?

The main difference between garden soil and raised bed soil is that raised bed soil is usually more fertile and well-draining.

What is the difference between garden soil and topsoil?

Topsoil is the layer of soil that is on the surface of the ground. It is usually the most fertile layer of soil. Garden soil is a mixture of topsoil, compost, and sand. If you plant your garden in just topsoil, your plants won’t have the right combination of nutrients and drainage to thrive.

How healthy is your garden soil?

Taste the Freshness: Garden to Table Garlic Scape Pesto [Recipe]

June is the beginning of abundance in the garden, when our little acre reminds us she can support us with a never ending harvest of many kinds. I find myself taking breakfast, lunch and dinner outside as often as possible, breathing in the fresh air and listening to the birdsong while I ask myself how I got so lucky. Our little patch of earth has so much history hidden in its roots, but when summer begins again it is clear she knows precisely what she is doing when it comes to helping living things thrive.

Our neighbors grew up in our house, so we’ve been lucky enough to learn bits and pieces of what the land has accomplished in the past. This is how I know that the stone foundation of my home originally held up a beautiful chicken barn, and that rabbits were raised on the back lot. As we add our own stories to this history, I wonder too at the echoes of a less happy time before our even our neighbors came here, a time when lands were taken from the Wampanoag. How many feet have tread this earth before us and called it theirs? How much pain was inflicted on this very spot? Only the land remembers now.

One of the first ways I know that June has arrived is in the appearance of garlic scapes. Tiny white cloves planted way back in October have been waiting for this day to send their shoots high into the sky, the flowering stalks both otherworldly and beautiful as they twist and turn, narrow green tendrils dancing in the breeze that has yet to turn into the humid and stagnant air of full summer.

Garlic scapes aren’t something you can find in the grocery store, and while you may be able to find a single stall at your local farmers market that has them, their inventory will be short-lived. The season for scapes is small, a window of just a couple of weeks that adds to their novelty. Just another excellent excuse to grow them yourself as a side-effect of your garlic harvest.

There are two types of garlic you can plant; hard-neck or soft-neck. Soft-neck garlic does not produce scapes, so if you’re interested in trying this delicacy you’ll need to plant hard-neck varieties only. Hardneck varieties of garlic are divided into eight groups: Porcelain, Rocambole, Purple Stripe, Glazed Purple Stripe, Marble Purple Stripe, Asiatic, Turban, and Creole. Porcelain is considered the hardiest type of hardneck garlic and is highly recommended for novice gardeners in cold climates, producing big, beautiful bulbs with satiny white wrappers with a strong flavor. As I mentioned, you’ll need to do some planning ahead if you want to grow garlic. It needs to be overwintered, so you’ll plant it just before your first frost in the fall and then wait until the following summer to harvest the bulbs.

In the meantime, scapes offer a taste of what is to come - a preview of your garlic harvest that can help you to tolerate the long wait required when growing garlic. To me, it is a promise the land provides. Good things we grow are always worth the wait. And garlic scapes are one of the very best things of all.

I do like to devise as many ways as possible to extend our enjoyment of garlic scapes, and thankfully they are a versatile plant that makes it easy to preserve. I’ve tried just about every method imaginable, but by far my favorite way to use scapes is to make my garlic scape pesto recipe. This liquid gold is quickly scooped up by everyone who tries it, useful as more than just a pasta topping. It also stores incredibly well in this form, locking in the deliciously grassy and mild garlic flavor so that we can enjoy it as long as possible.

What are garlic scapes?

Garlic scapes are the flowering head of the hard-neck garlic plant.They are edible, and you want to cut them off the plant before they have a chance to flower so that your garlic bulbs can put their energy into the root instead, allowing the bulb to grow larger.

What month do you cut garlic scapes?

Garlic scapes are harvested in June, about a month before you harvest the garlic bulb. Garlic scapes twist into a corkscrew shape as they grow and ripen. You will know they are ready to pick when the scape has made almost one full twist. The flowering head should still be compact and small. You can pick them when they are smaller as well, you’ll just get a smaller yield. If you pick them later than this, they will be very tough to chew.

How do you cut garlic scapes for pesto?

The easiest way to cut garlic scapes is to snap them off at their natural breaking point with your fingers. You do not need clippers to harvest garlic scapes. Grab the scape close to the base where it meets the leafy part of the garlic bulb (leave the leafy bits intact) They will break off easily in your hand.

What part of garlic scapes do you eat?

You can eat the entire garlic scape. Some people prefer to remove the flowering head at the end, as it can get a little tough depending on how late you harvest them. For garlic scape pesto, it shouldn’t really matter since you are blending it up so I like to use the entire scape.

Do garlic scapes need to be cooked?

No, garlic scapes may be eaten raw or cooked.

What do garlic scapes taste like?

Garlic scapes are like the garlic cloves' more subtle, mild cousin. A light green crunch makes them a super fresh addition to salads and stir-fries.

What is the best thing to do with garlic scapes?

My favorite way to use garlic scapes is to make garlic scape pesto. It’s easy and freezes well. You can also chop it up and mix with cream cheese or butter for a flavorful spread, add to salads and stir fries and enjoy as a garden snack. I even put a little dollop with my cracker and cheese boards.

What does garlic scape pesto taste like?

Garlic scape pesto tastes like mild garlic with less spicy heat and a little bit of grassiness. You can control the acidity and flavor profile with the addition of high quality oils, cheese and nuts.

How long does garlic scape pesto last in the fridge?

With proper storage, garlic scape pesto can last up to 2 weeks in the fridge.

Can I freeze garlic scape pesto?

Yes, garlic scape pesto is an excellent way to preserve the fresh flavors of early summer for the whole year. You can freeze garlic scape pesto by filling an ice cube tray and placing in the freezer for individual portions, or freeze tablespoon size portions on a baking sheet, remove once fully frozen and place in a Stasher bag. I like to fill four ounce mason jars and freeze - just remember to leave room at the top of the jar as the pesto will expand slightly as it freezes.

Can you freeze garlic scapes raw?

Yes, garlic scapes may be frozen raw with no blanching required to enjoy all year long. They may also be dehydrated or dried and ground into a powder.

Are garlic scapes as healthy as garlic?

Yes, garlic scapes are healthy. Garlic scapes contain manganese, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and selenium.

What to use garlic scape pesto on

Garlic scape pesto is a super versatile ingredient to have in your fridge. Of course, it can be used on pasta, but one of my favorite ways to use it is as a spread on sandwiches or grilled cheese. You can also toss your vegetables in the pesto before roasting.

To make this garlic scape pesto recipe, you will need a food processor, blender or immersion blender to grind the scapes into a fine paste. I will break the scapes into smaller pieces before blending. They’re a pretty dry thing to put in a blender, so you’ll need to scrape down the sides a couple of times as you go. If you don’t have a blender you can finely chop the garlic scapes, but the effect will be slightly different and crunchier.

Supplies

• Blender or immersion blender

• Measuring cup

• Tablespoon

• Spatula

• Jars for storage

Ingredients

• 2 cups garlic scapes (chopped)

• 1 cup sunflower seeds

• 1 cup basil

• 1 cup parmesan (grated)

• 1 cup olive oil

• 3 tbsp lemon juice

• Salt and pepper to taste

Instructions

• Grate the parmesan

• Add all the ingredients to the food processor and blend until smooth

• Taste and adjust the seasoning to your liking

• Transfer to jars and store in the fridge for up to two weeks

Yield: 24

Author: The Cottage Peach

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Garlic Scape Pesto

Prep time: 5 MinTotal time: 5 Min

Ingredients

• 2 cups garlic scapes (chopped)
• 1 cup sunflower seeds
• 1 cup basil
• 1 cup parmesan
• 1 cup olive oil
• 3 tbsp lemon juice
• Salt and pepper to taste

Instructions

1. Grate the parmesan and roughly chop the garlic scapes
2. Add all the ingredients to the food processor and blend until smooth
3. Taste and adjust the seasoning to your liking
4. Transfer to jars and store in the fridge for up to two weeks

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Conserve Water and Create a Sustainable Garden Using Drought-Tolerant Plants and Rainwater Harvesting

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Other than soil health, access to water in your garden is a crucial ingredient in growing food successfully, and with changing weather patterns and increased frequency of droughts due to climate change posing significant challenges to water resources, water conservation becomes even more critical in regions prone to drought to ensure the availability of water during dry periods.

According to the United Nations, about 2.2 billion people worldwide lack access to clean drinking water, and around 4.2 billion people experience severe water scarcity during at least one month of the year, and agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater globally, accounting for around 70% of total water usage. Plus, energy is required to extract, treat, and distribute water, while water is necessary for energy production, such as cooling thermoelectric power plants. The water-energy nexus refers to this interdependence of water and energy resources. Conserving water can help reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

What is water conservation in the garden?

There are many ways you can collect rainwater and conserve water in the garden. You can adopt water-wise landscaping techniques, such as sustainable landscape design, collecting and using rainwater for non-potable purposes, drip irrigation, ollas and xeriscaping - the practice of designing landscapes to reduce or eliminate the need for irrigation by incorporating drought tolerant plants.

What are the benefits of including drought-tolerant plants and rainwater harvesting systems in your garden design?

By utilizing plants that don’t require heavy watering and can survive drying out a bit, you can reduce runoff (precipitation that does not soak into the soil but instead moves on the surface and is lost to evaporation), conserve water, save money on water bills, reduce maintenance, and support a healthy ecosystem. This is a great passive way to increase the sustainability of your garden with little effort - all it takes is a bit of planning. Use the list of drought tolerant plants below to start planning.

How do rainwater barrels work?

A rainwater harvesting system utilizing barrels most commonly works by capturing rain coming down your gutters off of your roof. The water can then be accessed through a spigot or hose connected directly to the barrel. You can scale this concept up with an actual collection tank, and even hook it into your home’s greywater system.

What is the best rainwater harvesting barrel?

I use this 50 Gallon Capacity Flat Back Rain Barrel. It allows us to utilize natural resources and is linkable to other barrels for increased capacity using separately sold linking kit. This rain barrel collection system is resistant to rust, mold, mildew, and rotting and has a high quality brass spigot for hose hook-up, plus an included overflow spout helps drain excess water away. There is a screen to keep out debris, insects, animals, and children. It is made off BPA-free, FDA approved resin in the USA and it is 22" L x 23" W x 30" H. It is sturdy and built to last.

What are some other ways to conserve water in the garden?

The concept of using ollas as an irrigation system goes back thousands of years and has been used in countless cultures around the world. An olla watering system is basically any type of unglazed clay pot that is buried beneath the soil with only a small amount sticking up above the surface and filled with water. You can tell that a pot is unglazed because it will be that classic terracotta red color with no shiny finish, glaze or paint. The water then leeches out of tiny holes or “pores” in the unglazed clay and is pulled through the soil to the roots of your thirsty plants using a process called soil moisture tension. This functions much the same way as osmosis, in that the water is trying to equalize to a certain level of moisture within the soil. This means your soil will never become overwatered either - if the soil is moist, the water stays in the pot until it is needed. You can grab premade ollas here or Click here for full instructions on how to make your own.

DROUGHT TOLERANT PLANTS

Thyme

Appearance: Small, fragrant leaves on low-growing, spreading stems.

Size: Typically 4 to 8 inches tall and spreading up to 12 inches.

Uses: Culinary herb, medicinal properties, ground cover.

Olive Tree

Appearance: Evergreen tree with gray-green foliage and small, white flowers.

Size: Can reach up to 30 feet tall, but some cultivars are smaller.

Uses: Edible olives and oil, ornamental tree.

Fern-leaf Yarrow

Appearance: Feathery, fern-like leaves and clusters of yellow flowers.

Size: Typically 2 to 4 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Ornamental plant, cut flowers, attracts beneficial insects.

Hummingbird Mint

Appearance: Aromatic foliage with spikes of tubular flowers in various colors.

Size: Varies by species, typically 2 to 4 feet tall and 1 to 2 feet wide.

Uses: Ornamental plant, attracts pollinators, herbal tea.

Zinnia

Appearance: Showy, daisy-like flowers in a wide range of colors and sizes.

Size: Varies by cultivar, but generally 1 to 3 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Ornamental plant, cut flowers, attracts butterflies.

Aloe vera

Appearance: Rosettes of fleshy, spiky leaves with tall flower stalks.

Size: Typically 1 to 2 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Medicinal gel from the leaves, ornamental plant.

Purple Coneflower

Appearance: Large, showy flowers with cone-shaped centers and drooping petals.

Size: Usually 2 to 4 feet tall and 1 to 2 feet wide.

Uses: Medicinal herb, ornamental plant, attracts pollinators.

Beardtongue

Appearance: Tubular flowers in various colors, on tall stems with narrow leaves.

Size: Ranges from 1 to 4 feet tall, depending on the species.

Uses: Ornamental plant, some species used in traditional medicine.

Blanket Flower

Appearance: Brightly colored daisy-like flowers on long stems.

Size: Varies by species, typically 1 to 3 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Ornamental plant, attracts pollinators.

Yarrow

Appearance: Feathery foliage with flat-topped clusters of flowers in various colors.

Size: Generally 1 to 3 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Medicinal herb, ornamental plant, attracts beneficial insects.

Stonecrop

Appearance: Succulent leaves and clusters of star-shaped flowers.

Size: Varies by species, but generally low-growing and spreading, ranging from a few inches to 2 feet in height.

Uses: Ornamental plant, ground cover, some species have medicinal properties.

Rosemary

Appearance: Aromatic, needle-like leaves on woody stems with small blue flowers.

Size: Can grow 2 to 4 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Culinary herb, aromatic properties, traditional medicinal uses.

Agave

Appearance: Large succulent with sharp, spiky leaves arranged in a rosette shape.

Size: Can grow up to 6 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Edible flower stalks, medicinal properties in traditional herbal remedies.

Yucca

Appearance: Sword-like leaves forming a clump with tall flower spikes.

Size: Typically 2 to 3 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Edible flowers and fruit, soap-making from root fibers.

Prickly Pear Cactus

Appearance: Thick, succulent pads with spines and showy flowers.

Size: Various species, but commonly 3 to 6 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Edible fruit (prickly pear), medicinal properties in traditional medicine.

Lavender

Appearance: Fragrant, grayish-green foliage with spikes of purple flowers.

Size: Typically 1 to 3 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Culinary herb, essential oil production, herbal medicine.

Sage

Appearance: Gray-green leaves with purple-blue flowers on upright stems.

Size: Typically 1 to 2 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Culinary herb, medicinal properties in traditional medicine.

Rockrose

Appearance: Evergreen shrub with showy, papery flowers in various colors.

Size: Varies by species, generally 2 to 5 feet tall and wide.

Uses: Ornamental plant, aromatic properties in potpourri.

Maximizing Water Conservation in the Garden

If you’ve already implemented drought tolerant plants into your sustainable garden design and set up a rainwater harvesting system, the next thing you should consider is if there is anywhere that you can add mulch to your garden.

Mulch acts as a protective layer over the soil, reducing evaporation and slowing down water loss. It helps to keep the soil consistently moist by preventing water from quickly evaporating under the sun and wind. Mulch creates a barrier that inhibits weed growth. Weeds compete with garden plants for water, so by suppressing their growth, mulch helps reduce water loss by minimizing competition for moisture. It acts as an insulating layer, moderating soil temperature fluctuations. It keeps the soil cooler during hot weather, reducing water evaporation, and warmer during colder periods, promoting root health and water absorption, and helps to prevent soil erosion by reducing the impact of heavy rainfall on the soil surface. It absorbs and disperses the force of falling water, preventing runoff and allowing water to infiltrate the soil more effectively.

Organic mulches, such as compost, break down over time and improve the soil structure. This enhances the soil's water-holding capacity, allowing it to retain moisture for longer periods and reducing the need for frequent watering, and when water is applied to the garden, mulch helps to slow down the flow and absorption of water, preventing runoff. This allows the plants to utilize more of the water provided, reducing water waste.

To maximize the water-saving benefits of mulch, it is essential to apply an adequate layer (2 to 4 inches) around plants, leaving space around the stem to prevent moisture-related issues. Additionally, selecting organic mulch materials, such as wood chips, straw, or compost, provides the added advantage of improving soil health over time.

I encourage you to take action in the fight against climate change by incorporating these elements into your landscape design to save water, reduce your environmental impact, and create a healthier ecosystem!

Breathe Easy: Natural Herbal Seasonal Allergy Remedies to Relieve Your Symptoms

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Probably the worst thing about beautiful June? Itchy noses distracting us from our garden tasks. Seasonal allergies are here to stay on our homestead, so I find myself turning to herbal remedies to relieve some of my symptoms.

What are seasonal allergies?

Seasonal allergies, also known as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, are an allergic reaction to airborne substances such as pollen, mold spores, and other allergens that are present in the environment during certain seasons.

Seasonal allergy symptoms

Symptoms of seasonal allergies can include sneezing, runny nose, congestion, itchy or watery eyes, and throat irritation. These symptoms can affect a person's quality of life and ability to function normally. Seasonal allergies are a common condition, affecting millions of people worldwide. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on individual sensitivity to specific allergens and the amount of exposure to them.

Seasonal allergy causes

Seasonal allergies are caused by an overreaction of the immune system to certain airborne substances that are present in the environment during certain seasons. When a person with seasonal allergies inhales these allergens, the immune system mistakes them as harmful and produces an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE) to fight them off. This triggers the release of histamine and other chemicals in the body, leading to the classic symptoms of seasonal allergies, such as sneezing, runny nose, congestion, itchy or watery eyes, and throat irritation.

Some common allergens that can trigger seasonal allergies include:

• Tree, grass, and weed pollen

• Mold spores

• Dust mites

• Pet dander

What months have seasonal allergies?

Seasonal allergies are more common during certain seasons, depending on the type of allergen. For example, tree pollen is more prevalent in the spring, while grass pollen is more common in the summer. Mold spores are more prevalent in the fall, especially in damp or humid areas.

How do you know if you have seasonal allergies?

Here are some common signs and symptoms of seasonal allergies:

Sneezing: You may experience frequent sneezing, especially in the morning or during the day.

Runny nose: You may have a runny nose with clear, watery discharge.

Congestion: You may experience nasal congestion, making it difficult to breathe through your nose.

Itchy or watery eyes: You may experience red, itchy, or watery eyes.

Throat irritation: You may experience throat irritation or a sore throat.

Fatigue: You may feel tired or have a decreased energy level.

How do you cure seasonal allergies?

There is no known cure for seasonal allergies, but there are several treatments and lifestyle changes that can help to manage the symptoms. Here are some strategies that may be effective in treating seasonal allergies:

Avoid allergens: Try to avoid exposure to the allergens that trigger your symptoms. For example, stay indoors during peak pollen hours, use an air purifier, and keep windows closed.

Over-the-counter medications: Antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal sprays can help to alleviate symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and congestion.

Prescription medications: In severe cases, your healthcare provider may prescribe stronger medications, such as prescription-strength antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, or allergy shots (immunotherapy).

Natural remedies: Some natural remedies such as honey, garlic, stinging nettle, butterbur, and Ginkgo biloba may help to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. However, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider before using any natural remedies, as they may interact with other medications or have side effects.

Lifestyle changes: Eating a healthy diet, staying hydrated, getting enough sleep, and reducing stress can also help to boost your immune system and reduce allergy symptoms.

Can allergies make you feel sick and tired?

Yes, seasonal allergies may mimic many of the symptoms found with common illnesses.

Do allergies get worse at night?

Allergy symptoms can be worse at night for some people, depending on the type of allergen and the individual's sensitivity to it.

Here are some reasons why allergies may get worse at night:

Increased exposure to allergens: Allergens such as dust mites, pet dander, and mold spores can accumulate in bedding, carpets, and other surfaces in the bedroom. This can increase exposure to these allergens at night, triggering symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and congestion.

Reduced airflow: Sleeping in a closed room with little ventilation can lead to reduced airflow and increased humidity, which can exacerbate allergy symptoms.

Nasal congestion: Allergies can cause nasal congestion, making it difficult to breathe through the nose at night. This can lead to snoring or sleep apnea, which can further disrupt sleep and exacerbate allergy symptoms.

Circadian rhythm: The body's circadian rhythm, which regulates sleep and wake cycles, can also play a role in allergy symptoms. Some studies suggest that the immune system may be more active at night, which can worsen allergy symptoms.

Remedies for seasonal allergies

These natural remedies for seasonal allergies aren’t foolproof, but considering the low cost and ease of which you can make them they are certainly worth a try.

Garlic

Garlic has been traditionally used in some cultures as a natural remedy for seasonal allergies. Currently there is limited scientific evidence to support its effectiveness in reducing allergy symptoms.

Raw garlic: Eating raw garlic may help to reduce allergy symptoms. You can mince a clove of garlic and swallow it with water or mix it into food like salad dressing, hummus or soup.

Garlic supplements: You can take garlic supplements in the form of capsules or tablets. Make sure to follow the dosage instructions on the label.

Garlic tea: You can make garlic tea by steeping a few cloves of crushed garlic in hot water for several minutes. Strain the mixture and drink the tea.

Honey

Honey may help to alleviate allergy symptoms by exposing the body to small amounts of allergens, similar to immunotherapy.

If you would like to try using honey to alleviate seasonal allergies, it is recommended to use raw, locally sourced honey. Here are a few ways to use honey:

Honey and lemon: Mix a tablespoon of raw honey with the juice of half a lemon in a cup of warm water. Drink this mixture daily.

Honey and tea: Add a teaspoon of honey to your favorite herbal tea to sweeten it and potentially alleviate allergy symptoms.

Honey on toast: Spread a teaspoon of honey on a slice of whole grain toast for a healthy breakfast.

Stinging Nettle

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) has been used as a natural remedy for seasonal allergies due to its anti-inflammatory properties. It may help to reduce inflammation in the body and alleviate allergy symptoms. Here are a few ways to use stinging nettle:

Stinging nettle tea: Steep 1-2 teaspoons of dried stinging nettle leaves in hot water for 5-10 minutes. Strain the mixture and drink the tea. You can drink up to 3 cups of stinging nettle tea per day.

Stinging nettle capsules: You can take stinging nettle capsules or tablets, following the dosage instructions on the label.

Stinging nettle tincture: A tincture is a concentrated liquid extract of stinging nettle. Follow the dosage instructions on the label.

Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba is an herb that has been used in traditional medicine for a variety of health conditions, including seasonal allergies. Although the evidence for its effectiveness in reducing allergy symptoms is limited, some people have reported benefits from using ginkgo biloba. Here are a few ways to use ginkgo biloba:

Ginkgo biloba capsules or tablets: You can take ginkgo biloba capsules or tablets, following the dosage instructions on the label. It is recommended to start with a low dose and gradually increase it over time.

Ginkgo biloba tea: Steep a teaspoon of dried ginkgo biloba leaves in hot water for 5-10 minutes. Strain the mixture and drink the tea.

Ginkgo biloba tincture: A tincture is a concentrated liquid extract of ginkgo biloba. Follow the dosage instructions on the label.

Butterbur

Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) is a plant that has been used in traditional medicine for a variety of health conditions, including seasonal allergies. Butterbur may help to reduce inflammation and relieve allergy symptoms, although more research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness. Here are a few ways to use butterbur:

Butterbur capsules or tablets: You can take butterbur capsules or tablets, following the dosage instructions on the label. It is recommended to use a product that is labeled as "PA-free," meaning it does not contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic to the liver.

Butterbur tea: Steep a teaspoon of dried butterbur leaves in hot water for 5-10 minutes. Strain the mixture and drink the tea. However, butterbur tea may not be safe as it may contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

Turmeric

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a spice that has been used in traditional medicine for a variety of health conditions, including seasonal allergies. Turmeric contains a compound called curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory properties and may help to reduce allergy symptoms. Here are a few ways to use turmeric:

Turmeric tea: Mix a teaspoon of ground turmeric with hot water and a squeeze of lemon juice. You can also add honey to sweeten it.

Turmeric capsules or tablets: You can take turmeric capsules or tablets, following the dosage instructions on the label. Look for products that contain standardized amounts of curcumin.

Turmeric milk: Mix a teaspoon of ground turmeric with warm milk and honey. This can be a soothing and comforting bedtime drink.

Red Clover

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a herb that has been used in traditional medicine for a variety of health conditions, including seasonal allergies. Red clover contains compounds that may help to reduce inflammation and relieve allergy symptoms. Here are a few ways to use red clover:

Red clover tea: Steep a teaspoon of dried red clover flowers in hot water for 5-10 minutes. Strain the mixture and drink the tea. You can drink up to 3 cups of red clover tea per day.

Red clover capsules or tablets: You can take red clover capsules or tablets, following the dosage instructions on the label.

Red clover tincture: A tincture is a concentrated liquid extract of red clover. Follow the dosage instructions on the label.

Find these herbs and more by tapping here to visit my favorite online herb shop!

Do you struggle with seasonal allergies? I hope some of these natural remedies can help! If you want to learn more about how herbalism you can enroll in my favorite online herbal school by clicking here.

Elevate Your Drinks with Homemade Lavender Simple Syrup for Lavender Lattes and Mocktails [Recipe]

Indulging in a perfectly crafted beverage can transport us to a world of relaxation and bliss. Imagine sipping a fragrant lavender latte or savoring a refreshing lavender cocktail. Lavender adds a touch of elegance and tranquility to any drink, and creating your own lavender simple syrup allows you to infuse your beverages with the enchanting essence of this versatile herb. In this blog post, we will guide you through the process of growing and harvesting lavender, explore its aromatherapy benefits, delve into the various ways you can use lavender simple syrup, and provide a step-by-step recipe for creating this aromatic syrup hat will elevate your lattes, mocktails and cocktails to a whole new level.

Growing and Harvesting Lavender

Lavender, with its beautiful purple blooms and soothing fragrance, is a delightful addition to any garden. To grow lavender, choose a sunny spot with well-draining soil. Plant the lavender seedlings or cuttings in the spring, ensuring they have enough space to grow and thrive. Lavender is challenging to grow from seed successfully - I recommend getting a few healthy plants from your local garden center and then propagating additional plants from cuttings. Once established, lavender thrives on a bit of neglect and should not require much in the way of watering as it is a drought tolerant plant.

Harvesting lavender is a task that requires careful timing. Wait until the flower buds have formed and are showing color but haven't fully opened. This is when the lavender's essential oils are at their peak. Plan your harvest for the early morning, before the sun can dry out the essential oils in the plant blooms. Using pruning shears or scissors, carefully snip the flower stems, leaving a few inches of green foliage on the plant to encourage regrowth.

Drying Lavender and Aromatherapy Benefits

After harvesting, it's time to dry your lavender. Gather small bundles of lavender stems and secure them with a rubber band or twine. Hang them upside down in a cool, dry place with good air circulation. This process allows the lavender to dry naturally while retaining its fragrance and vibrant color. Once the lavender is fully dried, you can gently remove the buds from the stems and store them in an airtight container.

Aside from its culinary applications, lavender is renowned for its aromatherapy benefits. The calming and soothing properties of lavender promote relaxation, reduce stress, and improve sleep quality. Infusing your drinks with lavender can add a touch of serenity to your day and enhance your overall well-being.

Using Lavender Simple Syrup in Your Favorite Drink

Lavender simple syrup is a versatile ingredient that can elevate a wide range of beverages. Here are a few easy ways to incorporate it into your drink repertoire:

Lavender Latte: Add a touch of sophistication to your morning routine by infusing your latte with lavender syrup. Combine freshly brewed espresso or strong coffee with steamed milk and a splash of lavender syrup. Top it off with a sprinkle of dried lavender buds for a visually stunning and aromatic treat.

Lavender Lemonade: On a hot summer day, there's nothing quite as refreshing as a lavender-infused lemonade. Mix freshly squeezed lemon juice, water, and lavender syrup to taste. Serve it over ice and garnish with a sprig of fresh lavender for an invigorating twist on a classic beverage.

Lavender Cocktail or Mocktail: Impress your guests with a sophisticated lavender cocktail. Combine lavender syrup, your choice of spirit (such as vodka or gin), a splash of fresh lemon juice, and ice in a shaker. Shake vigorously, strain into a chilled glass, and garnish with a lavender sprig or lemon twist. Sip and savor the floral notes of this elegant libation. For a simple mocktail, click here for my recipe.

Making Lavender Simple Syrup: A Step-by-Step Guide

To create your own lavender simple syrup, you’ll only need three ingredients. Just follow these easy steps:

Ingredients:

• 1 tablespoon dried lavender buds

• 1 cup sugar

• 1 cup water

Instructions:

• In a small saucepan, combine the dried lavender buds, sugar, and water.

• Place the saucepan over medium heat and bring the mixture to a gentle boil, stirring occasionally to dissolve the sugar. Let it boil for one minute.

• Remove the saucepan from the heat and allow the mixture to steep for about an hour. This allows the lavender to infuse its delicate flavor and aroma into the syrup.

• After steeping, strain the syrup through a fine-mesh sieve or cheesecloth into a clean jar or bottle.

• Store the lavender simple syrup in the refrigerator for up to two weeks, or use immediately in your favorite beverages.

Homemade lavender simple syrup opens up a world of creative possibilities for your drinks. From lavender lattes to lavender-infused cocktails and mocktails, this fragrant syrup adds a touch of elegance and relaxation to every sip. By growing and harvesting your own lavender, you can create a truly unique syrup that captures the essence of this versatile herb. Whether you're seeking a moment of tranquility or looking to impress your guests, lavender simple syrup is a must-have ingredient in your drink repertoire. So, gather your lavender, embark on the journey of crafting this unique syrup, and enjoy the enchanting flavors and aromas that lavender brings to your favorite beverages.